Research progress of fundus morphology in high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

High myopia is the main cause of visual impairment in the world. With the development of society, the myopia rate is increasing year by year. The development of high myopia is closely related to the progressive extension of the eye axis, and a series of fundus changes will inevitably occur with the extension of the eye axis, such as comus, lacquer cracks, choroidal neovascularization, macular choroidal atrophy, retinal detachment, posterior scleral staphyloma, etc. At present, characterized by younger age and high degree, myopia has become the main cause of blindness in China. This paper briefly summarizes the latest research on the morphological changes of the optic disc, macula, retina, choroid and sclera of high myopia, aiming to provide references for the development of intelligent prediction models, clinical diagnosis and further research on the treatment measures in combination with the fundus morphology of high myopia.

Analysis of risk factors related to pterygium and establishment of prediction model in plateau area / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the risk factors related to pterygium in plateau area and establish a prediction model.METHODS: Using the method of cluster random sampling, the long-term residents living in the plateau with an average altitude of 3 000m were selected to conduct a field survey of pterygium from June 2020 to June 2021. Single factor and multi-factor analysis were used to analyze the risk factors related to pterygium, and the R software was used to establish the prediction model.RESULTS: The actual number of people investigated in this study was 1 514, and the number of patients with pterygium was 210, the overall prevalence rate was 13.87%. The age >43 years old, plateau area residence history, sunshine time, gender, smoking history, drinking history, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia are risk factors for pterygium. Among them, the long-term sunshine was the most dangerous factor for pterygium(OR: 6.215, 95%CI: 4.008-9.636, P<0.001), followed by >43 years old(OR: 5.348, 95%CI: 2.06-13.88, P=0.001). The decision curve analysis(DCA)showed that when the Nomo score system was applied, the predicted probability of pterygium was completely consistent with the actual probability of pterygium.CONCLUSION: The risk factors of pterygium as follows, the age >43 years old, plateau area residence history, sunshine time, gender, smoking history, drinking history, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The Nomo scoring system prediction model can accurately predict pterygium and provide a theoretical basis for the intervention of pterygium in plateau areas.

Analysis of ARMD related risk factors and establishment of Nomoto prediction model in high altitude area / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To determine the risk factors of age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)in high altitude areas and establish Nomoto prediction model.<p>METHODS:Using the method of cluster random sampling, the subjects were selected from some communities in Xining City, with an average altitude of 2 100m. The subjects were ≥40 years old, and the investigation method was field investigation. Single factor and multi factor analysis were used to determine the risk factors of ARMD, and R software was used to draw Nomoto.<p>RESULTS: The actual number of subjects in this survey is 2 595. Age, cataract, living time at high altitude, smoking, drinking, high blood pressure and mobile phone use are risk factors of ARMD. Old age was the most risk factor for ARMD(<i>OR</i>: 53.078, 95% <i>CI</i>: 28.405-77.183, <i>P</i><0.001), followed by long-term use of mobile phones(<i>OR</i>: 9.142, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.906-43.846, <i>P</i><0.001). The DCA decision curve showed that when the Nomo score existed, the probability of predicting ARMD was almost the same as that of actual ARMD.<p>CONCLUSION: The risk factors of ARMD are old age, high altitude living time, cataract, smoking, drinking, high blood pressure and mobile phone using time, especially the old people who live in high altitude for a long time. Nomo scoring system can accurately predict ARMD and provide theoretical basis for clinicians to intervene ARMD in high altitude areas.

New progress of gene detection in diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#At present, gene detection technology has become increasingly mature and integrated with multi-disciplinary, which provides help for clinicians to diagnose, treat andprognosis of the disease. In recent years, gene detection technology in diabetic retinopathy(DR)has made some progress, mainly applied to the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and follow-up personalized treatment plan. Therefore, we summarize and analyze the gene loci related to diabetic retinopathy that can be detected by gene detection technology.

Plasma proteins regulating in vivo performance of liposomes / 药学学报

Liposomes have been widely exploited in clinics. After entry into blood stream, liposomes absorb a large number of plasma proteins to form protein corona, which severely regulates in vivo performance of liposomes. It is of high importance to study the relationships among liposome surface properties, plasma protein components and liposome in vivo performance for clinical translation. In this review, we will summarize the factors affecting liposome protein corona, the effects of protein corona on liposome performance and the rational design of liposomes, aiming to accelerate clinical translation of liposome-based therapeutics.

Analysis on concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor in patients with wAMD after Ranibizumab treating at high altitude / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in aqueous humor in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration(wAMD)before and after Ranibizumab treating at high altitude and the correlation of VEGF concentration with central fovea macula thickness. <p>METHODS: The patients with wAMD in our hospital from Jun. 2014. to Oct. 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, diagnosed after best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus examination, fundus color photography, fluorescence fundus angiography(FFA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT)inspection. Seventy- six patients with cataract without choroidal neovascularization(CNV)were selected as control group. In the 76 patients(76 eyes), 46 were male, 30 were female, aged 40-80(55±11.18). The course was 0.3-6mo. The corrected visual acuity was 0.01-0.6. The intraocular press was 15.24±3.12mmHg. The CNV in all cases was within the range of the 500μm in diameter. Under surface anesthesia, Ranibizumab(0.5mg)was injected into vitreous cavity. Before and after injection, aqueous humor was obtained and used to detect the concentration of VEGF through ELISA. Best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp microscope, intraocular pressure, OCT and FFA were observed after treatment. <p>RESULTS:The clinical curative effect is the best at 1mo after treatment with statistical significance(<i>P</i><0.05). The concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor in wAMD patients before treatment(95.48±50.09pg/mL)was higher than that of control group(43.01±16.17pg/mL). The concentration of VEGF decreased at 1mo after treatment as 31.89±14.14pg/Ml(<i>P</i><0.05). The concentration of VEGF was positive related with central fovea macula thickness(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: For wAMD patients, Ranibizumab injection is effective for it reduces the concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and the central fovea macula thickness. The VEGF concentration in aqueous humor and foveal retinal thickness has a positive correlation.

Effect of p65 gene inhibited by siRNA on differention of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neurons / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of p65 gene inhibited by siRNA on neuronic differentiation in the marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The MSCs were transfected with Rn-p65-siRNA. Fasudil hydrochloride induced MSCs differentiating into neurons. The non-transfected group and negative control group (transfected with negative control siRNA marked by Cy3) were used as controls. The fluorescence expressed by transfected MSCs were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope at 24 h,48 h and 72 h after transfected with negative control siRNA. The viability of MSCs was detected by MTT at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after transfected with Rn-p65-siRNA. The expressions of p65 mRNA and protein in MSCs were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The expressions of p65 protein, NSE, MAP-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by immunocytochemical method after transfection for 6 h.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fluorescence of MSCs was mostly displayed after transfection of 72 hours and the efficiency of transfection was up to 83.3% ± 3.8%. Meanwhile, the p65 mRNA and p65 protein expressed by MSCs of transfected group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); MTT displayed that the viability of MSCs was also significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The best efficiency of induction was observed in the transfected group. There were higher expressions of NSE and MAP-2 than the other group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The p65 gene inhibited by siRNA can promote the marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neurons.</p>

Research status of photodynamic therapy combined anti - VEGF drugs to treat exudative age-related macular degeneration / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) is a new technique to diagnose and treat diseases with photodynamic effect produced by photosensitizer and light, and is now a main method of treating exudative age - related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . ln recent years, with the development of science and technology, combinations of PDT have become a research hot spot. ln this paper, we reviewed the research status of treatments on exudative AMD with PDT combined anti-VEGF drugs.

Recent advance in genetic study of hereditary autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCA) are a highly heterogeneous group of rare neurodegenerative diseases affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems. Based on pathological mechanisms, five major types of ARCA may be distinguished, which include mitochondrial ataxia, metabolic disorder, DNA repair defect ataxia, congenital ataxias and degenerative ataxia. This review summarizes clinical features, molecular genetics and recent advances in DNA sequencing of common types of ARCA.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutation in enhancer I (HBV Enh I)/X-promoter and the relationship between chronic HBV-related disease spectrum / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutation in the Enhancer I (HBV Enh I)/X-promoter and to analysis the relationship between chronic HBV-related disease spectrum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>275 patients were enrolled in this study, including 100 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 74 cases of liver cirrhosis (LC), 101 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), grouping by different HBV genotypes, using semi-nested PCR amplification of HBV Enh I/X-promoter and sequencing DNA, the mutations were determined by alignment to HBV reference sequence, the data was compared by chi2 test and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Genotyping results: 61.48% (158/257) were infected with HBV genotype B, including 70 cases of CHB, 36 cases of LC and 52 cases of HCC; 38.52% (117/257) were infected with HBV genotype C, including 30 cases of CHB, 38 cases of LC and 49 cases of HCC. (2) In the patients were infected with HBV genotype B, A1123Y mutation in LC was significantly higher than in CHB (30.56% vs. 8.58%, chi2 = 8.533, P = 0.005, A = 4.693, 95% CI [1.567-14.056]), HCC was significantly higher than in CHB (28.85% vs. 8.58%, chi2 = 8.607, P = 0.003, A = 4.324,95% CI [1.544-2.109]); A1317G mutation in HCC was significantly higher than in CHB (30.77% vs. 7.14%, chi2 = 11.687, P = 0.001, A = 5.778, 95% CI [1.955-17.076]). In the patients were infected with HBV genotype C, T1323C mutation in HCC was significantly higher than in CHB (30.61% vs. 6.67%, chi2 = 6.318, P = 0.12, A = 6.176, 95% CI [1.301-29.331]). (3) Multivariate regression analyses showed that A1317G (OR = 5.706, 95% CI [1.770-18.837], P = 0.004) and T1323C (A = 5.810, 95% CI [1.114-30.306], P = 0.037) mutation were risk factors for HCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HBV Enh I/X-promoter mutations were associated with the development of LC and HCC, the mutations can help to predict the occurrence of LC and HCC.</p>

Study on the copy numbers and mRNA expression levels of the programmed death-1 gene in chronic hepatitis B patients / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the copy numbers and mRNA expression levels of the Programmed Death-1 gene in chronic hepatitis B patients and to analyze the differences of the copy numbers and mRNA expression levels of the gene in patients with different clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Real time PCR was adopted to detect the PD-1 gene copy numbers and their mRNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 27 samples from healthy donors in Control group, 31 samples from chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers (ASC, n=31), 19 samples from chronic severe hepatitis B patients (CSH, n=19) and 29 samples from Primary hepatitis B Virus-related hepatocarcinoma (PHC, n=29). The differences and relationship of copy numbers and their mRNA expression levels among those groups were compared and analyzed by adopting Chi-square test and Rank sum test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PD-1 gene copy number deviated from 0 copy to 3 copies among all the 106 samples. In control group, ASC group, CSH group and PHC group, the percentages of cases of haploid (single) were 37.0%, 35.5%, 26.3% and 6.9%, respectively, the percentages of cases of diploid (double) were 55.5%, 58.0%, 63.2% and 82.8%, respectively, and the percentages of cases of triploid (triple) were 3.7%, 6.5%, 10.5% and 10.3%, respectively. The percentage of cases of polyploid (diploid and triploid) in control group, ASC group, CSH group and PHC group were 59.3%, 64.5%, 73.7% and 93.1%, respectively. The different distribution of PD-1 gene copy number of polyploid was significant in total samples (x2=9.583, P<0.05). Compared with Control Group and ASC group, the percentage of cases of polyploid in PHC group was lower with the x2 equals to 8.985 and 7.215 respectively and both with P less than 0.05. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The mean PD-1 gene copy numbers for these four groups were 1.59+/-0.63, 1.70+/-0.52, 1.84+/-0.60 and 2.00+/-0.37 while the median were 0.002 54, 0.002 72, 0.002 55 and 0.001 33 respectively. Except the control group, there was a uptrend in the other three groups while PD-1 gene mRNA expression presented a downtrend. The mean of PD-1 gene copy numbers of 2 and their mRNA expression levels were 19.59, 32.57 and 33.22 for PHC, CSH and ASC groups among which PHC group had the lowest value, there was significant differences found in the comparison with F=5.395 and P<0.05.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PD-1 gene copy numbers and their mRNA expression levels were different in chronic HBV infected patients with different transformation. It is valuable to follow up the patients with more than 1 copy number of PD-1 gene in long term.</p>

Effect of notch signaling on differentiation of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neurons induced by fasudil hydrochloride / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of notch signaling on differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neurons induced by fasudil hydrochloride.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The experiments were divided into non-transfected group, transfected group (transfected with Rn-Notch1-siRNA), positive control group (transfected with Rn-MAPK-1 Control siRNA) and negative control group (transfected with negative control siRNA). Fasudil hydrochloride induced MSCs differentiating into neurons. The fluorescence expressed by transfected MSCs were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. The expression of notch1 mRNA, Hes1 mRNA and MAPK1 mRNA in MSCs was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of Notch1 protein, NSE, neurofilament M (NF-M) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)was detected by immunocytochemical method. The viability of MSCs was detected by MTT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The fluorescence of MSCs was mostly displayed after transfection for 72 h and the efficiency of transfection was up to 91.3% +/- 4.2%. Meanwhile, the notch1 mRNA and Hes1 mRNA expressed by MSCs of transfected group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and MTT displayed that the viability of MSCs was also significantly reduced (P < 0.05). (2) Fasudil hydrochloride could induce MSCs differentiate into neurons and the best efficiency of induction was observed in the transfected group. There was higher expression of NSE and neurofilament-M (NF-M) than the other groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There may be notch1 signaling and Rho/Rho GTPase signaling synergy on differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cell into neurons induced by fasudil hydrochloride and they jointly promote the differentiation of MSCs into neurons.</p>

Clinical observation on electroacupuncture combined with acupoint injection for treatment of early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To search for a better therapy for early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction (EPISBO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and forty cases were divided into four groups according to admitting order, 60 cases in each group. Routine treatments in western medicine were used in group A including gastrointestinal decompression, parenteral nutrition, anti-infection, supportive therapy and so on. Group B was treated with electroacupuncture in Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37) etc. in addition to those given in group A. Group C was treated with acupoint injection with Neostigmine in Dachangshu (BL 25), Zusanli (ST 36) etc. in addition to the treatment used in group A. Group D was treated with all of the treatments used in group A, B and C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 93. 3% in group A, 96. 7% in group B, 100.0% in group C and group D. There was no significant difference among the four groups (P>0. 05). The average recovery time of bowel sound was (11. 512. 9) days in group A, (9. 3 +/- 2.5) days in group B, (5.6 +/- 3.5) days in group C and (2. 2 +/- 1.7) days in group D. The average anal exsufflation time was (12. 5 +/- 3. 1) days in group A, (10. 7 +/- 3.6) days in group B, (7. 2 +/- 3. 1) days in group C and (2. 5 +/- 1. 5) days in group D. Group D was superior to those of other three groups obviously, and there were significant differences between them (all P<0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture combined with acupoint injection has a satisfied therapeutic effect for treatment of EPISBO.</p>

Expression of microRNA in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of microRNA expression in cortex tissues in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD)and the possible roles of microRNA in the pathogenesis of HIBD. METHODS Rat HIBD model was prepared. The cortex tissues were obtained 14 days after the HIBD event. The microRNA expression profiles were measured using microRNA microarray. Expression of 9 microRNAs (miR-126,-26a,-674-5p,-21,-25,-290, miR-124,-125b-5p and microRNA-9a) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>he results of microRNA expression profiles indicated that 27 pieces of microRNA were up-regulated more than 2 folds and 60 pieces were down-regulated more than 2 folds compared with the normal control group. The results of the 9 microRNAs detected by quantitative real-time PCR were consistent with those detected by microRNA microarray.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HIBD rats have significant changes in microRNA expression, suggesting that microRNA expression may play important roles in the pathogenesis of HIBD.</p>

Effects of DSCAM on differentiation of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neurons in vitro / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Down syndrome cellular adhesion molecule (DSCAM) on differentiation of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neurons in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MSCs from Sprague-Dawley rats were induced into neurons by baicalin. The expression of DSCAM before and after induction was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining and Western blot assay. After knockdown of DSCAM by siRNA transfection, the differentiation rate of neurons derived from MSCs was measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before induction, the expression of DSCAM was not detectable in MSCs. After bFGF preinduction for 24 hrs, DSCAM was slightly expressed in MSCs (1.71+/- 0.67%). The DSCAM expression increased 6 hrs after baicalin induction (15.79+/- 4.24%), reached a peak at 3 days (53.16+/- 5.94%) and then decreased gradually. The DSCAM expression 6 days after baicalin induction (28.99+/- 6.72%) was significantly lower than that at 3 days (P<0.01). However, after DSCAM-siRNA transfection, the DSCAM expression in MSCs was significantly reduced. MSCs did not express neuron-specific beta-III-tubulin before induction. After baicalin induction for 6 hrs, 3 days and 6 days, the expression of beta-III-tubulin was 1.40+/- 0.79%, 41.59+/- 3.17% and 59.11+/- 4.76% respectively. But the beta-III-tubulin expression significantly decreased 3 and 6 days after DSCAM-siRNA transfection (28.57+/- 2.91% and 43.90+/- 12.31% respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DSCAM may play an important role in MSCs differentiation into neural cells.</p>

The use of portable slit lamp in the medical rescue of earthquake casualties / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To summarize the experience of examination and treatment of 237 cases of eye diseases with portable slit lamp in earthquake area of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province, from May 14 to July 8, 2008. Methods 237 cases of the eye diseases were examined and diagnosed. With portable slit lamp, the foreign bodies in 25 cases of conjunctival foreign body and 62 cases of corneal foreign body were removed. Results Of the 237 cases, 39 were diagnosed as conjunctivitis, 25 as conjunctival foreign body, 13 as pterygium, 27 as keratitis, 11 as corneal ulcer, 62 as cornea foreign body, 24 as cornea injury, 7 as hyphema, 16 as iridocyclitis, 5 as glaucoma and 8 as cataract. With portable slit lamp, the foreign bodies in 25 cases of conjunctival foreign body and 62 cases of corneal foreign body were removed in one lump with no corneal perforation or infection. Follow-up examination showed that the wounded cornea repaired pretty well. Conclusions With portable slit lamp, ophthalmologists can not only make a precise diagnosis for the eye diseases in the anterior segment, but also are able to timely to remove foreign bodies in conjunctiva and cornea. Portable slit lamp is a useful and convenient instrument for ophthalmologists in the field of earthquake disaster relief.

Effect of platelet-derived growth factor on the expression of ?-smooth muscle actin of cultured human retinal pigment epithelium cells / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) on the expression of ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA) of cultured human retinal pigment epithelium cells(RPE). Methods Cultured human RPE cells of the 4-6 th passages were divided into two groups: Delbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium (DMEM) and 2%DMEM (20 g/L foeta calf serum+DMEM). PDGF (0,1,50 ng/ml) was added to medium.The expression of ?-SMA was detected and quantitatively analyzed by image process of immunofluorescence. Results PDGF stimulated the expression of ?-SMA of human RPE cells.In group of DMEM, The rate of RPE of ?-SMA expression was 40%-50% and the intension of fluorescence was 8 08 without PDGF. After stimulated by PDGF(1 ng/ml,50 ng/ml), the rates were 80% and 90% respectively, and the intension of fluorescence were 12.35 and 17.23. In 2%DMEM group, The rates of RPE of ?-SMA expression were 85% without PDGF, and 95% ,100% respectively treated with PDGF (1 ng/ml,50 ng/ml). The intension of fluorescence was 14.79 without PDGF, and after stimulated by PDGF, they were 16.28 at 1 ng/ml and 21.36 at 50 ng/ml,which was 2.7 times stronger than that in DMEM group without PDGF. Conclusion PDGF could stimulate RPE cells to express ?-SMA.